See also:

• Science: Social Sciences: Sociology  (990)

Football Hooliganism in Europe - Provides a historical overview and includes discussion of cross-national variations, media coverage, racism and alcohol..

Football Unites, Racism Divides - A study of race and football..

Research into Football Violence - Site explaining academic study by Robin Manser into 'hooliganism' and the policing of English fans abroad..

Soldiers, Sashes and Shamrocks: Football and Social Identity in Scotland and Northern Ireland - Extended article examining the extent to which clubs are used by various social groups for the expression of certain elements of their identities. Includes annotations and references..